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Rationalist–constructivist debate
The rationalist–constructivist debate is an ontological debate within international relations theory between rationalism and constructivism. In a 1998 article, Christian Reus-Smit and Richard Price suggested that the rationalist–constructivist debate was, or was about to become, the most significant in the discipline of international relations theory.〔Price, Richard. Reus-Smit, Christian (1998) 'Dangerous Liaisons? Critical International Relations Theory and Constructivism', ''Journal of International Relations'', 4: 263〕 The debate can be seen as to be centered on preference formation, with rationalist theories (such as neorealism) characterising changes in terms of shifts in capabilities, whereas constructivists focus on preference formation.〔Glenn R. Chafetz, Michael Spirtas, Benjamin Frankel (1999) ''The Origins of National Interests'', London: Frank Cass Publishers, p. 350〕
==Rationalism==
Rationalists subscribe to positivism, the idea that scientific enquiry must rely upon empirical validation or falsification.〔Zehfuss, Maja (2002) Constructivism in International Relations: Politics of Reality, Cambridge, University of Cambridge Press, p. 3〕 Rationalist theories such as neorealism and neoliberalism also have exogeneously given preferences such as can be seen in Kenneth Waltz's ''Theory of International Politics'', where anarchy is a structural constraint on state behaviour.
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